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שבת השבוע · 16:02–17:11

לידה ומתן שם

Birth and Naming

קְרִיאַת שֵׁםkriat shem
ממתין לבדיקת מומחים

A boy receives his Hebrew name at his circumcision on the eighth day; a girl usually in the synagogue during the Torah reading or at a separate celebration. Customs differ between Ashkenazi and Sephardi communities and between movements.

התרגום לעברית בהכנה. מוצג הטקסט המקורי.

01

Boys

הלכה

A boy is named during his circumcision on the eighth day after birth.1

הלכה

The firstborn son of a mother whose first delivery was not by caesarean section, where neither parent is of priestly or Levite descent, is "redeemed" from a kohen on the 31st day (pidyon ha-ben) for five silver shekels.2,3,4

מנהגאשכנזים

In Ashkenazi families, on the Friday evening after a boy is born, a shalom zachar is held, an informal gathering with refreshments.

02

Girls

מנהגאשכנזים

In Ashkenazi tradition a girl is named in the synagogue, when her father is called up to the Torah, with the Mi she-berakh prayer.

מנהגספרדים⁂ לאימות

Sephardi communities have the zeved ha-bat ceremony ("gift of the daughter") with a verse from the Song of Songs.5

נוהג מודרני⁂ לאימות

Since the 1970s, new celebrations of a daughter's birth (simchat bat) have emerged in liberal communities and in some Orthodox ones.

03

Choosing a name

מנהג

The Hebrew name takes the form "X son/daughter of Y" and is used when being called up to the Torah, in prayers for the sick and on the gravestone.

מנהגאשכנזיםספרדים

Ashkenazim traditionally do not name a child after a living relative, but after a deceased one; Sephardim, by contrast, commonly name children after living grandparents.

שאלות נפוצות

Must a child have a Hebrew name?

Halakhah does not explicitly prescribe it as a condition of belonging, but traditional practice gives a Hebrew name, because it is used in ceremonies.⁂ לאימות

Who is a Jew according to halakhah?

According to Orthodox and Conservative halakhah, the child of a Jewish mother or a convert. Since 1983, American Reform Judaism has also recognized descent through the father under certain conditions.⁂ לאימות

מקורות

מקורות ראשוניים

  1. 1Genesis, 17:12 text ↗
  2. 2Exodus, 13:13 text ↗
  3. 3Numbers, 18:15–16 text ↗
  4. 4Shulchan Arukh, Yoreh De’ah, 305 text ↗
  5. 5Song of Songs, 2:14 text ↗
  6. 6Genesis, 17 text ↗

ספרות משנית

  1. 7Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed.

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